Pepper, a widely used spice, adds flavor and depth to countless dishes. However, for some individuals, the mere presence of pepper can trigger allergic reactions. Pepper allergen proteins encompass a diverse group of molecules that induce allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. The primary molecular family to which these allergens belong is the pathogenesis-related protein family, denoted as PR-10. Within this family, pepper allergens exhibit structural variations that contribute to their allergenic properties.
Pepper allergens are typically proteins with specific three-dimensional structures that distinguish them from non-allergenic compounds. The key structural characteristic of pepper allergens is their ability to elicit an immune response in susceptible individuals. Structurally, these proteins are known for their compact folding, stabilized by disulfide bonds, which contributes to their stability in various conditions.
Classification of pepper allergens is based on their molecular weights and sequence homology. Notable allergens in pepper include Capsicum annuum 1 (Cap a 1) and Capsicum annuum 2 (Cap a 2). Cap a 1 is a major allergen with a molecular weight of approximately 35 kDa, while Cap a 2 is a minor allergen with a molecular weight of around 25 kDa. Both allergens share sequence homology with other PR-10 proteins found in plants, emphasizing the importance of understanding their distinct structural features.
| Cat.No. | Product Name | Species | Source | Tag |
| ra-3612P | Recombinant Cap a 1 | Capsicum annuum (Chilli, bell pepper) | E.coli or Yeast | His |
| ra-3613P | Recombinant Cap a 2 | Capsicum annuum (Chilli, bell pepper) | E.coli or Yeast | His |
| ra-3994P | Recombinant Zan b 1 | Zanthoxylum bungeanum (Sichuan-Pepper) | E.coli or Yeast | His |
Pepper allergen proteins, despite being problematic for allergic individuals, play essential roles in the biology of the pepper plant. Their primary biological function is believed to be part of the plant's defense mechanism against pathogens. PR-10 proteins, including those found in pepper, are induced in response to stress, such as infection or environmental challenges.
In the context of allergy, the biological function of pepper allergens takes an unwanted turn. When ingested or inhaled by susceptible individuals, these proteins can trigger an immune response, leading to the release of histamines and other allergic mediators. The molecular mechanisms underlying pepper allergies involve the recognition of specific epitopes on the allergen proteins by the immune system, resulting in an allergic cascade.
Pepper allergens are known culprits in causing allergic reactions, ranging from mild symptoms to severe anaphylaxis. Common allergic manifestations include skin rashes, itching, sneezing, nasal congestion, and gastrointestinal discomfort. The severity of allergic reactions depends on the individual's sensitivity and the amount of pepper allergen exposure.
The molecular mechanisms underlying pepper allergies involve the activation of immune cells, particularly mast cells and basophils. Upon exposure to pepper allergens, the immune system recognizes these proteins as foreign invaders, leading to the release of histamines and other inflammatory molecules. This immune response results in the classic symptoms associated with allergic reactions.
